Paryushan
Paryushan is the time for self-reflection and repentance, and it reminds everyone that the ultimate goal of life is nirvana. The fundamental essence of this festival is to apologize and seek forgiveness for any type of mistake committed through mann, vachan, and Kaaya. How?
- Mann by realizing our mistakes done in this life and all our past lives.
- Vachan by asking for forgiveness from everyone around us including invisible souls we hurt knowingly or unknowingly as part of our day-to-day activities.
- And Kaaya by controlling our mind, body, and soul to move away from the worldly pleasures that further pull us into this vicious circle.
Paryushan is also a time for self-analysis and soul-searching. It provides a break from routine life and allows people to reflect and contemplate on their past conduct. The goal is to lead a spiritually cleaner life in the future. Fasting helps you contemplate, realize and control your Mann, Vachan and Kaaya to lead it on the path of Jainism.
Morning Pachkan
To be taken before sunrise. If you are doing dev darshan before brushing your teeth and eating/drinking anything, these pachkans can also be taken during/after dev darshan.
What is Navkarsi?
Don’t eat or drink anything until 48 minutes after sunrise, then sit at one place, fold your hand (Muththi vaalavi or handful), recite Navkar 3 times, and then take food or water. By doing Navkarsi one day, a person can shed karmas equivalent to 100 years of torture in hell – i.e. karma Nirjara.
What is Porsi?
Don’t eat or drink anything until One Prahar time after sunrise, then sit at one place, fold your hand(Muththi vaalavi or handful), recite Navkar 3 times, and then take food or water. By doing Porsi one day, a person can shed karmas equivalent to 1,000 years of hell life – i.e. karma Nirjara.
What is Sadhporsi?
Don’t eat or drink anything until 1.5 Prahar time after sunrise, then sit at one place, fold your hand(Muththi vaalavi or handful), recite Navkar 3 times, and then take food or water. By doing Porsi one day, a person can shed karmas equivalent to 10,000 years of hell life – i.e. karma Nirjara.
What is Purimaddha?
Don’t eat or drink anything until Two Prahars time after sunrise, then sit at one place, fold your hand (Muththi vaalavi or handful), recite Navkar 3 times, and then take food or water. By doing Porsi one day, a person can shed karmas equivalent to 100,000 years of hell life – i.e. karma Nirjara.
What is Avadhha?
Don’t eat or drink anything until Three Prahar times after sunrise, then sit at one place, fold your hand (Muththi vaalavi or handful), recite Navkar 3 times, and then take food or water.
Navkarsi / Porsi / Sadhporsi / Purimaddh / Avaddh Pachkan
English: Uggae Sure, Namukkaara-Sahiam, Porisim, Saaddhaporisim, Sure, Uggae, Purimaddha, Avaddha, Mutthisahiam, Pachchakkhaai (Pachchakkhaami), Chauviham Pi, Aahaaram, Asanam, Paanam, Khaaimam, Saaimam, Annathanaabhogenam, Sahasaagaarenam, Pachchhanakaalenam, Disaamohenam, Saahuvayanenam, Mahattaraagaarenam, Savvasamaahivattiyaa-Gaarenam, Vosirai (Vosiraami).
Hindi: उग्गए सूरे, नमुक्कार-सहिअं, पोरिसिं, साड्ढपोरिसिं, सूरे उग्गए पुरिमड्ढ, अवड्ढ मुट्ठिसहिअं, पच्चक्खाइ (पच्चक्खामि); चउव्विहं पि आहारं, असणं, पाणं, खाइमं, साइमं, अन्नत्थणाभोगेणं, सहसागारेणं, पच्छन्नकालेणं, दिसामोहेणं, साहुवयणेणं, महत्तरागारेणं, सव्वसमाहि-वत्तियागारेणं वोसिरई (वोसिरामि).
Note: *
- You never say Navkarsi / Porsi / Sadhporsi / Purimaddh / Avaddh together during the pachkan. If you are taking a Porsi pachkan for instance, only say “Porsi Pachchakkhaami” and so on.
- If you are reciting a pachkan to someone else, you will say “Pachchakkhai” and the person taking the pachkan will say “Pachchakkhaami”
What is Ayambil?
In Ayambil or Aaimbil you eat only once a day, Don’t eat any Vigai-Fruits-Vegetables, sitting in one place within less than 48 minutes. There are Six types of Vigais, namely Milk, Yogurt, Jaggary, Ghee, Oil, and Fried Food. Vigai Tyag could be Kacho (Partial) or Mul (Complete). This helps us to control the temptation for eating food, which helps us to cut down passions. Other than that don't eat or drink anything except boiled water. Boiled water can be drunk up to sunset Only. By doing Ayambil, a person can shed karmas equivalent to 100 billion years (1000 crore years) of hell life – i.e. karma Nirjara. Navpad Ni Oli means doing 9 Ayambils during Ashwin or Chaitra Month.
What is Nivi?
Don’t eat or drink anything until One Prahar time after sunrise, then sit at one place, fold your hand (Muththi vaalavi or handful), recite Navkar 3 times, and then take food or water.
What is Ekasanu?
In Ekasan, Eat only once a day, sitting in one place for less than 48 minutes. Other than that don't eat or drink anything except boiled water. Boiled water can be drunk up to sunset Only. By doing Ekashan, a person can shed karmas equivalent to 1 million years (10 Lac) of hell life – i.e. karma Nirjara.
What is Biyasanu?
Don’t eat or drink anything until Two Prahars time after sunrise, then sit at one place, fold your hand (Muththi vaalavi or handful), recite Navkar 3 times, and then take food or water.
Ayambil / Nivi / Ekasanu / Biyasanu Pachkan
English: Uggae Sure, Namukkaar-Sahiam, Porisim, Saaddhaporisim, Mutthisahim, Pachchakkhaai (Pachchakkhaami), Uggae, Sure, Chauviham Pi, Aahaaram, Asanam, Paanam, Khaaimam, Saaimam, Annathanaabhogenam, Sahasaagaarenam, Pachchhannakaalenam, Disaamohenam, Saahuvayanenam, Mahattaraagaarenam, Savvasamaahivattiyaa-Gaarenam, Aayambilam, Nivvigaiam, Vigaio Pachchakkhaai (Pachchakkhaami), Annatthanaabhogenam, Sahasaagaarenam, Levaalevenam, Gihatthsansatthenam, Ukhit-Vivegenam, Paduchch Makkhhienam, Paaritthaavaniyaagaarenam, Mahattaraagaarenam, Savvasamaahivattiyaa-Gaarenam, Ekaasanam, Biyaasanam, Pachchakkhaai (Pachchakkhaami), Tiviham Pi, Aahaaram, Asanam, Khaaimam, Saaimam, Annatthanaabhogenam, Sahasaagaarenam, Saagaariyagaarenam, Aauntana-Pasaarenam, Guru-Abbhutthaanenam, Paaritthaavaniyaagaarenam, Mahattaraagaarenam, Savvasamaahivattiya-Gaarenam, Paanassa Levena Vaa, Alevena Vaa, Achchhena Vaa, Bahulevena Vaa, Sasitthena Vaa, Asitthena Vaa, Vosirai (Vosiraami).
Hindi: उग्गए सूरे, नमुक्कार-सहिअं, पोरिसिं, साड्ढपोरिसिं, मुट्ठिसहिअं, पच्चक्खाइ (पच्चक्खामि); उग्गए सूरे चउव्विहं पि आहारं, असणं, पाणं, खाइमं, साइमं, अन्नत्थणाभोगेणं, सहसागारेणं, पच्छन्नकालेणं, दिसामोहेणं, साहुवयणेणं, महत्तरागारेणं, सव्वसमाहि-वत्तियागारेणं, आयंबिलं निव्विगइअं विगइओ पच्चक् खाइ (पच्चक् खामि); अन्नत्थणाभोगेणं, सहसागारेणं, लेवालेवेणं, गिहत्थसंसट्ठेणं, उकि् खत्त-विवेगेणं, पडुच्चमकि् खएणं, पारिट्ठावणियागारेणं, महत्तरागारेणं, सव्वसमाहि-वत्तियागारेणं, एगासणं बियासणं पच्चक् खाइ (पच्चक् खामि), तिविहं पि आहारं, असणं, खाइमं, साइमं, अन्नत्थणाभोगेणं, सहसागारेणं, सागारियागारेणं, आउंटण-पसारेणं, गुरू-अब्भुट्ठाणेणं, पारिट्ठावणियागारेणं, महत्तरागारेणं, सव्वसमाहि-वत्तियागारेणं, पाणस्स लेवेण वा, अलेवेण वा, अच्छेण वा, बहुलेवेण वा, ससित्थेण वा, असित्थेण वा वोसिरई (वोसिरामि).
Note: *
- You never say aayambilam and niviggaiam together during the pachkan and the same applies to Ekasanam and Biyasanam. If you are taking a Aayambilam pachkan for instance, only say “Aayambilam Pachchakkhaami” and so on.
- If you are taking Ekasan pachkan for instance, you will say “Aayambilam Niviggaiam pachchakkhai” and “Ekasanam Pachchakkhaami”.
- If you are reciting a pachkan to someone else, you will say “Pachchakkhai” and the person taking the pachkan will say “Pachchakkhaami”
- After taking a pachkan, before you eat/drink anything or even brush your teeth, it is important to recite 3 navkaar with your fist folded.
- While taking the pachkan you decide when will you break your fast the next day, at Navkarsi, porsti, Sadhporsi, purimaddha or avaddha as part of the pachkan. On the next day, you break the fast accordingly by reciting 3 navkars with folded fist.
What do you mean by Tivihar Upvas?
In Upvas, Don’t eat or drink anything except boiled water. Boiled water can be drunk from Porsi to sunset Only. By doing Upvas, a person can shed karma equivalent to 1000 billion years of hell life – i.e. karma nirjara.
Upvas (With Water) / Tivihar Upvas Pachkan
English: Sure, Uggae, Abbhattattham, Pachchakkhaai (Pachchakkhaami), Tiviham Pi Aahaaram, Asanam, Khaaimam, Saaimam, Annatthanaabhogenam, Sahasaagaarenam, Paaritthaavaniyaagaarenam, Mahattaraagarenam, Savvasamaahivattiyaa-Gaarenam, Paanhaar, Porisim, Saaddhaporisim, Sure Uggae Purimaddha, Avatddha, Mutthisahiam, Pachchakkhaai (Pachchakkhaami), Annatthanaabhogenam, Sahasaagaarenam, Pachchhannakaalenam, Disaamohenam, Saahuvayanenam, Mahattaraagarenam, Savvasamaahivattiyaa-Gaarenam, Paanassa Levena Vaa, Alevena Vaa, Achchhena Vaa, Bahulevena Vaa, Sasitthena Vaa, Asitthena Vaa, Vosirai (Vosiraami).
Hindi: सूरे उग्गए अब्भत्तट्ठं पच्चक् खाइ (पच्चक् खामि); तिविहं पि आहारं, असणं, खाइमं, साइमं, अन्नत्थणाभोगेणं, सहसागारेणं, पारिट्ठावणियागारेणं, महत्तरागारेणं, सव्वसमाहि-वत्तियागारेणं; पाणहार पोरिसि, साड्ढपोरिसि, मुट्ठिसहिअं, पच्चक् खाइ (पच्चक् खामि); अन्नत्थणाभोगेणं, सहसागारेणं, पच्छन्नकालेणं, दिसामोहेणं, साहुवयणेणं, महत्तरागारेणं, सव्वसमाहि-वत्तियागारेणं, पाणस्स लेवेण वा, अलेवेण वा, अच्छेण वा, बहुलेवेण वा, ससित्थेण वा, असित्थेण वा वोसिरई (वोसिरामि).
Note: *
- If you are reciting a pachkan to someone else, you will say “Pachchakkhai” and the person taking the pachkan will say “Pachchakkhaami”
- After taking a pachkan, before you eat/drink anything or even brush your teeth, it is important to recite 3 navkaar with your fist folded.
- While taking the pachkan you decide when will you break your fast the next day, at Navkarsi, porsti, Sadhporsi, purimaddha or avaddha as part of the pachkan. On the next day, you break the fast accordingly by reciting 3 navkars with folded fist.
What do you mean by Chauvihar Upvas?
Chauvihar or Chouvihar Upvas means you do not drink or eat anything, not even boiled water.
Upvas (Without Water) / Chouvihar Upvas Pachkan
English: Sure, Uggae, Abbhattattham, Pachchakkhaai (Pachchakkhaami), Chauviham Pi Aahaaram, Asanam, Paanam, Khaaimam, Saaimam, Annatthanaabhogenam, Sahasaagaarenam, Paaritthaavaniyaagaarenam, Mahattaraagarenam, Savvasamaahivattiyaa-Gaarenam, Vosirai (Vosiraami).
Hindi: सूरे उग्गए अब्भत्तट्ठं पच्चक् खाइ (पच्चक् खामि); चउव्विहं पि आहारं, असणं, पाणं, खाइमं, साइमं, अन्नत्थणाभोगेणं, सहसागारेणं, पारिट्ठावणियागारेणं, महत्तरागारेणं, सव्वसमाहि-वत्तियागारेणं, वोसिरई (वोसिरामि).
Note: *
- If you are reciting a pachkan to someone else, you will say “Pachchakkhai” and the person taking the pachkan will say “Pachchakkhaami”
- After taking a pachkan, before you eat/drink anything or even brush your teeth, it is important to recite 3 navkaar with your fist folded.
- While taking the pachkan you decide when will you break your fast the next day, at Navkarsi, porsi, Sadhporsi, purimaddha or avaddha as part of the pachkan. On the next day, you break the fast accordingly by reciting 3 navkars with a folded fist.
Evening Pachakhan
What is Chauvihar?
In Chauvihar, one does not take any food or any liquids after the sunset until the sunrise next day.
What is Tivihar?
In Tivihar one does not take food of any kind including liquids except water after the sunset until the sunrise of next day but can take water.
What is Duvihar?
In Duvihar one does not take food of any kind including liquids except water and medicine after the sunset until the sunrise of next day but can take water and medicine.
Chauvihar / Tivihar / Duvihar Pachkan
English: Divasacharimam, Pachchakkhaai (Pachchakkhaami), Chauviham Pi Aahaaram, Tiviham Pi Aahaaram, Duviham Pi Aahaaram, Asanam, Paanam, Khaaimam, Saaimam, Annatthanaabhogenam, Sahasaagaarenam, Mahattaraagarenam, Savvasamaahivattiyaa-Gaarenam, Vosirai (Vosiraami).
Hindi: दिवसचरिमं पच्चक् खाइ (पच्चक् खामि); चउव्विहं पि आहारं, तिविहं पि आहारं, दुविहं पि आहारं, असणं, पाणं, खाइमं, साइमं, अन्नत्थणाभोगेणं, सहसागारेणं, महत्तरागारेणं, सव्वसमाहि-वत्तियागारेणं वोसिरई (वोसिरामि).
Note: *
- If you are reciting a pachkan to someone else, you will say “Pachchakkhai” and the person taking the pachkan will say “Pachchakkhaami”
- After taking a pachkan, before you eat/drink anything or even brush your teeth, it is important to recite 3 navkaar with your fist folded.
- While taking the pachkan you decide when will you break your fast the next day, at Navkarsi, porsi, Sadhporsi, purimaddha or avaddha as part of the pachkan. On the next day, you break the fast accordingly by reciting 3 navkars with a folded fist.
What is Panhar?
In Panhar, one does not take any food or any liquids after sunset until the sunrise next day. This pachakhan is taken when one has done Tivihar Upvas, Ayambil, Nivi, Ekasanu or Biyasan
Panahar Pachkan
English: Paanahaar, Divasacharimam, Pachchakkhaai (Pachchakkhaami), Annatthanaabhogenam, Sahasaagaarenam, Mahattaraagarenam, Savvasamaahivattiyaa-Gaarenam, Vosirai (Vosiraami).
Hindi: पाणहार दिवसचरिमं पच्चक् खाइ (पच्चक् खामि); अन्नत्थणाभोगेणं, सहसागारेणं, महत्तरागारेणं, सव्वसमाहि-वत्तियागारेणं वोसिरई (वोसिरामि).
Note: *
- If you are reciting a pachkan to someone else, you will say “Pachchakkhai” and the person taking the pachkan will say “Pachchakkhaami”
- After taking a pachkan, before you eat/drink anything or even brush your teeth, it is important to recite 3 navkaar with your fist folded.
- While taking the pachkan you decide when will you break your fast the next day, at Navkarsi, porsi, Sadhporsi, purimaddha or avaddha as part of the pachkan. On the next day, you break the fast accordingly by reciting 3 navkars with a folded fist.
What is Dharana Abhigrah?
In Dharana Abhigrah is customised pachakhan. One can decide any kind of tyag based on God’s way and take pachakhan. i.e. One can decide that he/she will not eat Sweets for 5 days. Then they should decide it and take Dharana Abhigrah pachakhan.
Dharana Abhigrah Pachkan
English: Dharanaa, Abhiggaham, Pachchakkhaai (Pachchakkhaami), Annatthanaabhogenam, Sahasaagaarenam, Mahattaraagarenam, Savvasamaahivattiyaa-Gaarenam, Vosirai (Vosiraami).
Hindi: धारणा अभिग्गहं पच्चक् खाइ (पच्चक् खामि); अन्नत्थणाभोगेणं, सहसागारेणं, महत्तरागारेणं, सव्वसमाहि-वत्तियागारेणं वोसिरई (वोसिरामि).
Note: *
- If you are reciting a pachkan to someone else, you will say “Pachchakkhai” and the person taking the pachkan will say “Pachchakkhaami”
- After taking a pachkan, before you eat/drink anything or even brush your teeth, it is important to recite 3 navkaar with your fist folded.
- While taking the pachkan you decide when will you break your fast the next day, at Navkarsi, porsi, Sadhporsi, purimaddha or avaddha as part of the pachkan. On the next day, you break the fast accordingly by reciting 3 navkars with a folded fist.
Other types of fast possible in Paryushan
What is Unodari / Unodri ?
Always eat little less than, what you desire and need to eat. We are limiting ourselves partially. At times this may become more difficult, as once you start eating. Scientifically, we all understand this is a healthy practice.
Source: https://www.jainfoodie.com/jain-pachkan/